MBSE in practice linking models, people, and methods correctly

Abstract

The practical implementation of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) poses a complex challenge for many companies, as it encompasses not only technical aspects of modeling, but also organizational, methodological, and human factors. While MBSE is considered a promising approach to managing growing system complexity and improving efficiency, practice shows that success does not depend solely on technology, but significantly on the correct linking of models, people, and methods. Models are not just documents, but living artifacts that connect requirements, architecture, interfaces, and verification throughout the entire life cycle of a system. However, the use of MBSE often remains limited to communication and documentation if there is no consistent methodology and integration into existing processes. To fully exploit the potential of MBSE, modeling techniques and tools must be carefully selected and integrated, with a methodological foundation of governance, data management, and reuse of model components being essential. People are the second crucial factor. The success of MBSE depends not only on technology, but also on the acceptance, understanding, and responsibility of the people involved. Studies show that the biggest challenges lie in training and engaging the right professionals. Without clear assignment of roles and visible commitment from management, MBSE often remains fragmented and inefficient. Finally, the introduction of MBSE also requires the establishment of robust methods. A structured approach, starting with pilot projects, is essential for the successful implementation of MBSE. This includes defining model libraries, integrating with CAD/AI-based systems, and continuously adapting processes and tools. Without such a methodological foundation, models remain isolated and stakeholders are not adequately supported. In summary, MBSE in practice means more than just implementing models and tools. It requires the conscious design of interactions between models, people, and methods, with models acting as the connecting element between disciplines. When these elements are successfully integrated, MBSE can become an essential part of efficient and sustainable system development that not only manages documents but also creates and utilizes knowledge.