Keywords
lifecycle management
MBSE
PLM
CAD/CAE
Digital Thread
Digital Twin
variant and configuration management
How to Cite
Abstract
In highly networked system-of-systems (SoS) architectures, the volume of data is growing faster than organisations can manage: development, production and operational data is generated in autonomous subsystems that are simultaneously linked via interfaces. The abstract outlines a governance framework that channels this flood without dampening innovation. The focus is on clear decisionmaking authority over data (sovereignty), consistent classification and access models, robust procedures for versioning and change control, and the embedding of these rules ‘by design’ in processes and tools. Roles such as data owner, steward and custodian are thus understood not as bureaucracy, but as an operating system for collaboration. Technically, the framework combines model-based systems engineering, digital thread and digital twin, so that artefacts remain traceable across lifecycle phases: from CAD design to manufacturing parameters to field data. Metadata schemas and uniform identities ensure semantic interoperability between heterogeneous sources; automated approvals and validation rules ensure quality without manual friction. Where cross-organisational work is involved, cryptographically secured protocols complement the traceability of access and changes. The balance between openness and control is crucial: rapid iterations, experimentation and domainspecific freedom remain possible, while security, compliance and consistency requirements are enforced in a machine-readable manner. Practical experience from industry projects shows that governance is most effective early in the lifecycle: when classification, rights and versioning are set automatically when an artefact is created, transparency is built in from the outset, redundancy is reduced and decision-making processes are shortened. Challenges lie in the heterogeneity of data landscapes, in scaling across many stakeholders and in cultural aspects of assuming responsibility. The outlook points to governance that is increasingly data and eventcentric: AI-supported quality assurance, synthetic data sets for secure collaboration, and architectures that manage SoS data flows in real time without undermining the autonomy of the subsystems. Overall, data governance in SoS is not a nice-to-have, but a strategic design tool: it transforms data overload into reliable decisionmaking bases and makes networked technology landscapes both more secure and faster to learn.
References
Otto, B. (2011). A morphology of the organisation of data governance. Proceedings of ECIS 2011.
DAMA International. (2017). The DAMA Guide to the Data Management Body of Knowledge (DAMA-DMBoK v2). Technics Publications.
vom Brocke, J., Müller, O., Debortoli, S., & vom Brocke, C. (2019). Data governance: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Journal of Information Systems, 33(3), 188–207.
Shao, G., et al. (2021). System-driven data governance in complex industrial systems. IEEE Access, 9, 88329–88342.
DAMA UK. (2021). Data Management Body of Knowledge Implementation Guide.
NIST. (2020). Big data governance framework for cyber-physical systems. NIST Special Publication SP 1500-4.
ISO. (2019). ISO 38505-1: Governance of data – principles and model. International Organization for Standardization.
Katina, P. F. (2019). A governance perspective for system of systems. Old Dominion University Research Papers.
Weilkiens, T. (2020). Integrating SysML and data governance models. IEEE Systems Journal, 14(4).
MITRE Corporation. (2021). Digital engineering governance: A perspective on governance in the era of digital engineering.
IEEE Aerospace Society. (2022). Case study on data governance automation in aerospace design. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
ISO 26262. (2018). Road vehicles – functional safety. International Standard.
Siemens AG. (2022). Digital enterprise suite data governance white paper. Siemens Publications.
Kuzio, J. (2022). Building better global data governance. Data Policy, 7, e51. Cambridge University Press.
McGregor, S., & Hostetler, J. (2023). Data-centric governance for collaborative systems. arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.07872.
Zhou, P., et al. (2023). AI-assisted data governance frameworks for complex system integration. IEEE Access, 11.
Le Nguyen, T., et al. (2022). Blockchain-based distributed data governance for industrial IoT systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 9(10).
Purtova, N. (2021). Data governance and data ethics in complex systems: Towards a responsibility framework. Computer Law Security Review, 41.
Salehi, V. (2024). Application of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE for a holistic approach to collect vehicle data based on board diagnostic system. In Proceedings of the 44th Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) (Vol. 2B). https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2024-141089
Salehi, V. (2023). Application of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE-based development of automated guided robot based on digital twin-data. In Proceedings of the 43rd Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE) (Vol. 2). https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2023-110983
Salehi, V. (2021). Application of a holistic approach of hydrogen internal combustion engine (HICE) buses. In Proceedings of the Design Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.48
Salehi, V., & Wang, S. (2021). Application of Munich agile concepts for MBSE as a holistic and systematic design of urban air mobility in case of design of vertiports and vertistops. In Proceedings of the Design Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.50
Salehi, V. (2021). Integration of blockchain technology in systems engineering and software engineering in an industrial context. In Proceedings of the Design Society. https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.450
Salehi, V., Taha, J., & Wang, S. (2020). Application of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE by means of automated valet parking functions and the 3D environment-data. In Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference. https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2020-22040
Salehi, V., & Wang, S. (2019). Munich Agile MBSE concept (MAGIC). In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED). https://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.377
Salehi, V. (2019). Development of an agile concept for MBSE for future digital products through the entire life cycle management called Munich Agile MBSE Concept (MAGIC). Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 17(1), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2020.147-166
Taha, J., & Salehi, V. (2018). Development of a low-powered wireless IoT sensor network based on MBSE. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Systems Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/SysEng.2018.8544420
Salehi, V., Groß, F., & Taha, J. (2018). Implementation of systems modelling language (SysML) in consideration of the CONSENS approach. In Proceedings of the International Design Conference (DESIGN). https://doi.org/10.21278/idc.2018.0146
Salehi, V., & Wang, S. (2018). Web-based visualisation of 3D factory layout from hybrid modelling of CAD and point cloud. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 16(2), 243–255. https://doi.org/10.14733/cadaps.2019.243-255
Salehi, V., & Wang, S. (2017). Using point cloud technology for process simulation in digital factory. In Proceedings of the ICED Conference. https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2220-4342
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2016). Identification of factors during the introduction and implementation of PLM methods and systems in an industrial context. In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (AICT). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33111-9_35
Salehi, V., & Burseg, L. (2016). System-driven product development (SDPD) for mechatronic systems. In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology (AICT). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33111-9_66
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2011). Development and application of an integrated approach for parametric associative CAD design in an industrial context. Computer-Aided Design and Applications, 8(2), 225–236. https://doi.org/10.3722/cadaps.2011.225-236
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2011). Development of an evaluation framework for implementation of parametric associative methods in an industrial context. In Proceedings of the ICED 11 Conference (EID 2-s2.0-84858843777).
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2009). Methodological integration of parametric associative CAD systems in PLM environment. In Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference (DETC2009). https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2009-86583
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2009). Action research into parametric associative CAD systems in an industrial context. In Proceedings of the ICED 09 Conference (EID 2-s2.0-79957552184).
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2009). Development of a generic integrated approach for parametric associative CAD systems. In Proceedings of the ICED 09 Conference (EID 2-s2.0-80054981163).
Salehi, V., & McMahon, C. (2011). An integrated approach to parametric associative design for powertrain components in the automotive industry. Action Research. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (VDI Bayern).
Salehi, V. (2012). An integrated approach to parametric associative design for powertrain components on the automotive industry. University of Bath.
Salehi, V. (2015). Development and application of an integrated approach to CAD design in an industrial context. In Impact of Design Research on Industrial Practice: Tools, Technology, and Training.
Salehi, V., Schade, D., & Taha, J. (2015). Application of SysML in the research field of definition of the environment model for autonomous driving simulation. In Proceedings of the Design Society Conference 2015.
Salehi, V. (2025). Integration of Munich Agile Concept for MBSE in an industrial context for future centralized car server architectures. In Proceedings of the ICIEA EU Conference, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
Salehi, V. (2025). A holistic and systematic approach for generation of synthetic data sets from CAD data related CNC-production environment. In Proceedings of the ICIEA EU Conference, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
Salehi, V. (2025). Development of a parametric holistic CAD design for virtual urban air mobility concepts. In Proceedings of the ICIEA EU Conference, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
Salehi, V. (2025). Application of blockchain in case of engineering data processes and product lifecycle management system. Journal of Intelligent System of Systems Lifecycle Management. https://doi.org/10.71015/dm8rgj08
Salehi, V. (2025). Application of systems engineering in context of building 3D environment for autonomous vehicle systems in an industrial context for central car computing. Journal of Intelligent System of Systems Lifecycle Management. https://doi.org/10.71015/qgdjwx03
Salehi, V., Witte, M., & Loos, M. (2025). Integration of vehicle data file based on blockchain technologie in an industrial context. Journal of Intelligent System of Systems Lifecycle Management. https://doi.org/10.71015/yxkfke75
Salehi, V. (2015). An integrated approach for system driven product development (SDPD) by means of development of a mechatronic systems in an industrial context. ARC Conference.
Salehi, V. (2015). System driven product development (SDPD) by means of development of a mechatronic systems in an industrial context. IFIP Conference.